Dimensiuni ale aculturaţiei: una, două, sau multe?
Keywords:
aculturație, dimensionalitate, aculturație psihologică, migrațieAbstract
Aculturația psihologică se referă la schimbările și constantele în funcționarea psihologică după migrare. O privire de ansamblu este oferită de modele care au fost propuse în literatura de specialitate privind structura aculturației. Din punct de vedere istoric, a avut loc o trecere de la modele cu una sau două dimensiuni la modelele multidimensionale. În aceast articol sunt descrise modelele și sunt discutate punctele lor forte și punctele lor slabe. Se argumentează că trecerea la modele cu mai multe dimensiuni se bazează parțial pe date științifice care indică faptul că modelele mai simple nu reflectă realitatea complexă a aculturației psihologice și parțial pe natura schimbătoare a migrației în ultimii 100 de ani. Vechea idee despre migrație, în care migranții se stabilesc într-o nouă parte a lumii pentru a nu se mai întoarce niciodată de unde au venit, este acum completată de noi tipuri de migrație, adesea temporară, precum cea întâlnită în cazul expatriaților, muncitorilor sezonieri internaționali și al studenților care participă la programe de schimburi între universități. Modelele mai recente sunt adaptate pentru a corespunde acestei realități schimbate.
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