Trades, characteristics and social values attributed to masculinity and femininity
Keywords:
gender, femininity, masculinity, social value, tradesAbstract
The aim of this paper is to study, on a population of students of technical universities, the representation of masculinity and femininity, and assignments made for these representations in terms of social value and jobs. We observe, on the one hand, the characteristics associated with femininity, characteristics that are generally oriented to emotional support, and on the other hand the characteristics of masculinity that have to do with power and aggression. In terms of social value, characteristics associated with femininity are considered more desirable than socially useful, while the characteristics associated to masculinity are assessed at the same time useful and socially desirable. Finally, the attribution of jobs to gender characteristics obtained in previous stages, confirm the link between male professions and characteristics of masculinity and female professions and femininity characteristics.
Downloads
References
Beauvois, J.-L. (1995). La connaissance des utilités sociales. Psychologie française, 40, 375-388
Beauvois, J-L., Dubois, N. & Peeters, G. (1999). L'évaluation personnologique. In: J-L. Beauvois, N. Dubois & W. Doise (Eds). La construction sociale de la personne. Grenoble: PUG, 259-279.
Cambon, L. (2002). Désirabilité et utilité sociale, deux composantes de la valeur. Une exemplification dans l‟analyse des activités professionnelles. L’orientation scolaire et professionnelle, 31, 75-96.
Cameron, C. (2001). Promise or problem? A review of the literature on men working in early childhood services. Gender, work and organization, 8(4), 430-453.
Charrier, P. (2004). Comment envisage-t-on d’être sagefemme quand on est un homme ? L’intégration professionnelle des étudiants hommes sagesfemmes. Travail, genre et société, 2(12), 105-124.
Costa., P.T. Jr, Terracino,A. & McCrae, R.R. (2001). Gender Differences in Personality Traits Across Cultures: Robust and Surprising Findings. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 81,2,322-331.
Dubois, N. & Beauvois, J.-L. (2001). Désirabilité et utilité: Deux composantes de la valeur des personnes dans l'évaluation sociale. L'orientation Scolaire et Professionnelle, 30, 391-405.
Dubois, N. (2005). Normes sociales de jugement et valeur: ancrage sur l‟utilité et ancrage sur la désirabilité. Revue Internationale de Psychologie Sociale, 3, 43-80.
Feingold, A. (1994). Gender differences in personality: A meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 116, 429-456.
Fontayne, P., Sarrazin, P. & Famose, J.P. (2000). The Bem Sex-Role Inventory: Validation of a Short Version for French Teenagers. European Review of Applied Psychology, 50 (4), 405-416.
Fontanini, C. (2009). Les représentations des métiers par les élèves de cycle 3: permanences et perspectives d’évolution. Recherches & éducations. [En ligne], mis en ligne le 15 janvier 2012. URL:http://rechercheseducations.revues.org/index520.html. Consulté le 10 février 2013
Guichard-Claudic, Y., Kergoat, D. & Vilbrod,A. (2008). L’inversion de genre. Quand les métiers masculins se conjuguent au féminin… et réciproquement. Rennes: PUR.
Heilman, M.E., Wallen, A.S., Fuchs, D. & Tamkins, M.M. (2004). Penalties for success: reactions to women who succeed at male gender-typed tasks. Journal of Applied Psychology, 89, 416-427.
Kling, K. C, Hyde, J. S., Showers, C. J., & Buswell, B. N. (1999). Gender differences in self-esteem: A meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 125,470-500.
Le Barbenchon, E., Cambon, L. & Lavigne, F. (2005). Désirabilité et utilité sociale de 308 adjectifs de personnalité et 297 professions. L’année psychologique, 105, 307-322.
Lynn, R., & Martin, T. (1997). Gender differences in extraversion, neuroticism, and psychoticism in 37 countries. Journal of Social Psychology,137, 369-373.
Maccoby, E. E., & Jacklin, C. N. (1974). The psychology of sex differences. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
McClure, E. B. (2000). A meta-analytic review of sex differences in facial expression processing and their development in infants, children, and adolescents. Psychological Bulletin, 126, 424-453.
McCrae, R. R., & Costa, P. T. Jr. (1989). The structure of interpersonal traits: Wiggins's circumplex and the Five-Factor Model. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 56, 586-59.
Ott, E.M. (1989). Effects of the male-female ratio at work. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 13, 41-57.
Poulin-Dubois, D. & Serbin, L. A. (2006). La connaissance des catégories de genre et des stéréotypes sexués chez le jeune enfant. Enfance, 58, 283-292.
Spence, J. T. (1984). Masculinity, femininity, and gender-related traits: A conceptual analysis and critique of current research. In B. A. Maher & W. B. Maher (Eds.), Progress in experimental personality research (vol.13, pp.1-97). Orlando, Fl:Acadelic Press.
Twenge, J. (1997). Changes in masculine and feminine traits over time: A meta-analysis. Sex Roles, 36, 5/6, 305-325.
Wiggins,J.S. & Holzmuller, A. (1981). Further evidence on androgyny and interpersonal flexibility. Journal of Research in Personality, 15. 67-80.
Williams, C. (1995). Gender differences at work: men and women in non-traditional occupations. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal,it also allows for use of the work for non-commercial purposes and if others remix, transform or build upon the works found in this journal they must distribute the contributions under the same licence as the original.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See: The Effect of Open Access).