Organizational Justice Model across Seven Countries
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24837/pru.v9i2.373Keywords:
mãsurare echivalenței, justiție organizaționalã, CFAAbstract
In general research that has examined organizational justice (OJ) across countries has failed to prove first
the measurement equivalence of their measures, thus making their results questionable. The present study focuses
on the measurement equivalence of the three factor OJ model in seven countries (four languages) with the aim
of seeing if the three factor model of OJ holds across these countries. The basic question that we want to answer
is „Do respondents from different countries interpret the OJ measure in a conceptually similar manner?”. In subsidiary
we looked at the effect of language and geographical location.
Our findings indicate that OJ is equivalent across all seven countries (configural, metric, scalar and uniqueness
equivalence). Different sub-models are discussed (grouped by language and geographical location). Results
indicated that neighbor countries that share the same language have a better fit of the three factors OJ model.
Key words: measurement equivalence, organizational justice, countries, CFA.
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References
Adams, J. S. (1965). Inequity in social exchange. In L.
Berkowitz (Ed.), Advances in experimental social
psychology Vol. 2 (pp. 267–299). New York: Academic
Press.
Soon Ang, S.; Van Dyne, L., & Begley, T. (2003). The
Employment Relationships of Foreign Workers
versus Local Employees: A Field Study of Organizational
Justice, Job Satisfaction, Performance,
and OCB, Journal of Organizational Behavior, 24,
561-583.
Au, K., Hui, M., & Leung, K. (2001). Who should be
responsible? Effects of voice and compensation on
responsibility attribution, perceived justice, and
post-complaint behaviors across cultures. The
International Journal of Conflict Management, 12,
350-364.
Beckstead, J. W., Yang, C-Y., & Lengacher, C. A.
(2008). Assessing cross-cultural validity of scales:
A methodological review and illustrative example.
International Journal of Nursing Studies, 45, 110-
119.
Bentler, P. M. (1990). Comparative fit indexes in structural
models. Psychological Bulletin, 107, 238-
246.
Bies, R. J., & Moag, J. S. (1986). Interactional justice:
communication criteria of fairness. Research on
Negotiation in Organizations, 1, 43–55.
Blader, S., Chang, C., & Tyler, T. (2001). Procedural
justice and retaliation in organizations: comparing
cross-nationally the importance of fair group processes.
The International Journal of Conflict Management,
12, 295-311.
Brislin, R. W. (1980). Translation and content analysis
of oral and written materials. In H. Triandis and J.
Berry (Eds.), Handbook of Cross-Cultural Psychology:
Methodology, vol. 2 (pp.389-444). MA:
Allyn and Bacon Inc.
Brislin, R. W. (1986). The wording and translation of
research instruments. In W. J. Lonner & J. W.
Berry (Eds.), Field methods in cross-cultural
research (pp. 137-164). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
Byrne, B. (2004). Testing for Multigroup Invariance
Using AMOS Graphics: A Road Less Traveled,
Structural Equation Modeling, 11, 272-300.
Byrne, B., & Watkins, D. (2003). The Issue Of Measurement
Invariance Revisited, Journal Of Cross-
Cultural Psychology, 34, 155-175.
33
Organizational Justice Model across Seven Countries
Volumul_09_nr_02.qxd 10/19/2011 12:43 PM Page 33
Browne, M. W., & Cudeck, R. (1993). Alternative ways
of assessing model fit. In K. A. Bollen & J. S.
Long (Eds.), Testing of structural equation models
(pp. 136-162). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
Chang, E. (2002). Distributive justice and organizational
commitment revisited: moderation by layoff in
the case of Korean employees, Human Resource
Management, 41, 261–270.
Cheung, G., & Rensvold, R. (2002). Evaluating goodness-
of-fit indexes for testing measurement invariance.
Structural Equation Modeling, 9, 233-255.
Coatswortha, D., Sharp, E., Palen, L., Darling, N.,
Cumsille, P., & Marta, M. (2005). Exploring adolescent
self-defining leisure activities and identity
experiences across three countries, International
Journal of Behavioral Development, 29, 361–370.
Colquitt, J. (2001). On the Dimensionality of Organizational
Justice: A Construct Validation of a Measure.
Journal of Applied Psychology, 86, 386-400.
Cropanzano, R., Bowen, D., & Gilliland, S. (2007). The
management of Organizational Justice. Academy
of Management Perspectives, 21, 34-48.
Davidov, E. (2008). A Cross-Country and Cross-Time
Comparison of the Human Values Measurements
with the Second Round of the European Social
Survey. Survey Research Methods, 2, 33-46.
Drasgow, F., & Kanfer, R. (1985). Equivalence of psychological
measurement in heterogeneous populations.
Journal of Applied Psychology, 70, 662-680.
Dubinsky, A., Michaels, R., Kotabe, M., Lim. C., &
Moon. H. (1992). Influence of role stress on industrial
salespeople's work outcomes in the United
States, Japan, and Korea. Journal of International
Business Studies, 23, 77-99.
Fields, D. (2002). Taking the measure of work. California:
Sage Publications.
Fischer, R., Smith, P., Richey, B., Ferreira, M., Assmar,
E., Maes, J., & Stumpf, S. (2007). How do organizations
allocate rewords? The predictive validity
of national values, economic and organizational
factors across six nations. Journal of Cross-Cultural
Psychology, 38, 3-18.
Geisinger, K. F. (1994). Cross-cultural normative
assessment: Translation and adaptation issues
influencing the normative interpretation of assessment
instruments. Psychological Assessment, 6(4),
304-312.
Giacobbe-Miller, J., Miller, D., Zhang, W., & Victorov,
V. (2003). Country and organizational-level adaptation
to foreign workplace ideologies: a comparative
study of distributive justice values in China,
Russia and the United States. Journal of International
Business Studies, 34, 389-406.
Greenberg, J. (1995). The quest for justice on the job:
Essays and experiments. Thousand Oaks, CA:
Sage.
Greenberg, J. (2001). Studying organizational justice
cross-culturally: fundamental challenges. The
International Journal of Conflict Management, 12,
365-375.
Grisay, A. (2002). Translation and cultural appropriateness
of the test and survey material. In R. Adams,
& M. Wu (Eds.), PISA 2000 technical report (pp.
57-70). Paris: OECD.
Harkness, J. (2003). Questionnaire translation. In J.
Harkness, E. J. Van de Vijver, & P. Mohler (Eds.),
Cross-cultural survey methods (pp. 35-56). NY:
Wiley.
Hofstede, G. (1980). Culture’s consequences. Thousand
Oaks, CA: Sage.
Hofstede, G., & Hofstede, G. J. (2005). Culture and
organizations: Software of the mind. New York:
McGraw-Hill.
Hui, H., & Triandis, H. (1985). Measurement in crosscultural
psychology. Journal of Cross-cultural
psychology, 16, 131-152.
Jöreskog, K. G., & Sörbom, D. (1979). Advances in factor
analysis and structural equation models. New
York: University Press of America.
Kim, T., & Leung, K. (2007). Forming and reacting to
overall fairness: a cross-cultural comparison.
Organizational Behavior and Human Decision
Processes, 104, 83-95.
Lam, S., Schaubroeck, J., & Aryee, S. (2002). Relationship
between Organizational Justice and Employee
Work Outcomes: A Cross-National Study. Journal
of Organizational Behavior, 23, 1-18.
Leung, K. (2005). How Generalizable Are Justice
Effects Across Cultures? In J. Greenberg, & J.
Colquitt (Eds.), Handbook of Organizational Justice
(pp. 555-586). NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Leung, K., Smith, P., Wang, Z., & Sun, H. (1996). Job
Satisfaction in Joint Venture Hotels in China: An
Organizational Justice Analysis. Journal of International
Business Studies, 27, 947-962.
Leventhal, G. S. (1980). What should be done with
equity theory? New approaches to the study of
fairness in social relationships. In K. Gergen, M.
Greenberg, & R. Willis (Eds.), Social exchange:
Advances in theory and research (pp. 27–55). New
York: Plenum Press.
Maitland, S., Dixon, R., Hultsch, D., & Hertog, C.
(2001). Well-being as a moving target: measurement
equivalence of the Bradburn Affect Balance
scale. Journal of Gerontology, 56B, 69-77.
Malpass, R. S. (1977). Theory and method in cross-cultural
psychology. American Psychologist, 32,
1069–1079.
Meade, A., Johnson, E., & Braddy, P. (2006). The utility
of alternative fit indices in tests of measurement
invariance. Paper presented at the annual Academy
of Management conference, Atlanta, GA.
Meade, A., Johnson, E., & Braddy, P. (2008). Power and
sensitivity of alternative fit indices in test of measure
invariance. Journal of Applied Psychology,
93, 568-592.
Organizational Justice Model across Seven Countries
34
Volumul_09_nr_02.qxd 10/19/2011 12:43 PM Page 34
Meredith, W. (1993). Measurement invariance, factor
analysis and factorial invariance. Psychometrika,
58(4), 525-543.
Moorman, R. (1991). Relationship Between Organizational
Justice and organizational Citizenship
Behavior: Do Fairness Perceptions Influence
Employee Citizenship? Journal of Applied Psychology,
76, 845-855.
Pillai, R.; Willims, E., & Tan, J. (2001). Are the scales
tipped in favor of procedural or distributive justice?
An investigation of the U.S., India, Germany,
and Hong Kong (China). The International Journal
of Conflict Management, 12, 312-332.
Price, J.L., & Mueller, C.W. (1986). Absenteeism and
turnover of hospital employees. Greenwich: CT,
JAI Press.
Rahim, A., Magner, N., Antonioni, D., & Rahmna, S.
(2001). Do justice relationships with organizationdirected
reactions differ across U.S. and
Bangladesh employees? The International Journal
of Conflict Management, 12, 333-349.
Raju, N., Laffitte, L., & Byrne, B. (2002). Measurement
Equivalence: a comparison of method based on
confirmatory factor analysis and item response
theory. Journal of Applied Psychology, 87, 517-
529.
Reithel, S., Baltes, B., & Buddhavarapu, S. (2007). Cultural
Differences in Distributive and Procedural
Justice. Does a Two-factor Model Fit for Hong
Kong Employees?, International Journal of Cross
Cultural Management, 7, 61-76.
Rigotti, T., Otto, K., & Mohr, G. (2007). East–West Differences
in Employment Relations, Organizational
Justice and Trust: Possible Reasons and Consequences.
Economic and Industrial Democracy, 28,
212–238.
Schertzer, S., Laufer, D., Silvera, D., & McBride, B.
(2008). A cross-cultural validation of a gender role
identity scale in marketing, International Marketing
Review, 25, 312-323.
Schmidt, S., Muhlar, H., & Power, M. (2005). The
EUROHIS-QOL 8-item index: psychometric
results of a cross-cultural field study. European
Journal of Public Health, 16, 420-408.
Selig, J., Card, N., & Little, T. (2008). Latent variable
structural equation modeling in cross-cultural
research: multigroup and multilevel approaches.
In van de Vijver, Hemert and Poortiga (Eds.) Multilevel
analysis of individuals and cultures (pp.95-
120). NY: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Silverthorne, C. (2005). Organizational Psychology in
Cross-Cultural Perspective. NY: New York University
Press.
Skarlicki, D. (2001). Cross-cultural perspectives of
organizational justice. The International Journal
of Conflict Management, 12, 292-294.
Smith, P., & Fischer, R. (2008). Acquiescence, Extreme
Response Bias and Culture: A multilevel Analysis.
In Van de Vijver, F., van Hemert, D., & Poortinga,
Y.(Eds.), Multilevel Analysis of Individual and
Cultures (pp.285-314). NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum
Associates.
Steiger, J. H. (1990). Structural model evaluation and
modification: An interval estimation approach.
Multivariate Behavioral Research, 25, 193-180.
Steenkamp, J.-B. E. M., & Baumgartner, H. (1998).
Assessing measurement invariance in crossnational
consumer research. Journal of Consumer
Research, 25, 78-90.
Strizhakova, Y., Coulter, R., & Price, L. (2008). The meanings of branded products: A cross-national scale development and meaning assessment. International Journal of Research in Marketing, 25, 82–93.
Sweeney, P., & McFarlin, D. (1993). Workers’ Evaluations of the „Ends” and the „Means”: An Examination of Four Models of Distributive and Procedural Justice. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Process, 55, 23-40.
Tzafrir, S., & More, K. (2006). Trust as a mediator between organizational justice and work behaviors in a cross-cultural context, Academy of Management Best Conference Paper, IM:E1.
Ullman, J. (2006). Structural Equation Modeling: Reviewing the basic and moving forward. Journal of Personaloty Assesment, 87, 35-50.
Van de Vijver, F. J. R., & Leung, K. (1997). Methods and data analysis for cross cultural research. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
Van de Vijver (2000). The nature of bias. In R. Dana (Ed.), Handbook of cross-cultural and multicultural personality assessment (pp. 87-106). NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Vandenberg, R., & Lance, C. (2000). A review and synthesis of the measurement invariance literature: suggestions, practices, and recommendations for organizational research, Organizational Research Methods, 3, 4-70.
Werner, O., & Campbell, D. T. (1970). Translation, wording through interpreters, and the problem of decentering. In R. Naroll & R. Cohen (Eds.), A handbook of method in cultural anthropology (pp. 398–420). New York: Natural History Press.
Woehr, D., Sheehan, K., & Bennett, W. (2005). Assessing measurement equivalence across rating sources: a multitrait-multirater approach, Journal of Applied Psychology, 90. 3, 592-600.
Woehr, D., Arciniega, L., & Lim, D. (2007). Examining work ethics across populations. A comparison of the multidimensional work ethic profile across three divers cultures. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 67, 154-168.
Berkowitz (Ed.), Advances in experimental social
psychology Vol. 2 (pp. 267–299). New York: Academic
Press.
Soon Ang, S.; Van Dyne, L., & Begley, T. (2003). The
Employment Relationships of Foreign Workers
versus Local Employees: A Field Study of Organizational
Justice, Job Satisfaction, Performance,
and OCB, Journal of Organizational Behavior, 24,
561-583.
Au, K., Hui, M., & Leung, K. (2001). Who should be
responsible? Effects of voice and compensation on
responsibility attribution, perceived justice, and
post-complaint behaviors across cultures. The
International Journal of Conflict Management, 12,
350-364.
Beckstead, J. W., Yang, C-Y., & Lengacher, C. A.
(2008). Assessing cross-cultural validity of scales:
A methodological review and illustrative example.
International Journal of Nursing Studies, 45, 110-
119.
Bentler, P. M. (1990). Comparative fit indexes in structural
models. Psychological Bulletin, 107, 238-
246.
Bies, R. J., & Moag, J. S. (1986). Interactional justice:
communication criteria of fairness. Research on
Negotiation in Organizations, 1, 43–55.
Blader, S., Chang, C., & Tyler, T. (2001). Procedural
justice and retaliation in organizations: comparing
cross-nationally the importance of fair group processes.
The International Journal of Conflict Management,
12, 295-311.
Brislin, R. W. (1980). Translation and content analysis
of oral and written materials. In H. Triandis and J.
Berry (Eds.), Handbook of Cross-Cultural Psychology:
Methodology, vol. 2 (pp.389-444). MA:
Allyn and Bacon Inc.
Brislin, R. W. (1986). The wording and translation of
research instruments. In W. J. Lonner & J. W.
Berry (Eds.), Field methods in cross-cultural
research (pp. 137-164). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
Byrne, B. (2004). Testing for Multigroup Invariance
Using AMOS Graphics: A Road Less Traveled,
Structural Equation Modeling, 11, 272-300.
Byrne, B., & Watkins, D. (2003). The Issue Of Measurement
Invariance Revisited, Journal Of Cross-
Cultural Psychology, 34, 155-175.
33
Organizational Justice Model across Seven Countries
Volumul_09_nr_02.qxd 10/19/2011 12:43 PM Page 33
Browne, M. W., & Cudeck, R. (1993). Alternative ways
of assessing model fit. In K. A. Bollen & J. S.
Long (Eds.), Testing of structural equation models
(pp. 136-162). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
Chang, E. (2002). Distributive justice and organizational
commitment revisited: moderation by layoff in
the case of Korean employees, Human Resource
Management, 41, 261–270.
Cheung, G., & Rensvold, R. (2002). Evaluating goodness-
of-fit indexes for testing measurement invariance.
Structural Equation Modeling, 9, 233-255.
Coatswortha, D., Sharp, E., Palen, L., Darling, N.,
Cumsille, P., & Marta, M. (2005). Exploring adolescent
self-defining leisure activities and identity
experiences across three countries, International
Journal of Behavioral Development, 29, 361–370.
Colquitt, J. (2001). On the Dimensionality of Organizational
Justice: A Construct Validation of a Measure.
Journal of Applied Psychology, 86, 386-400.
Cropanzano, R., Bowen, D., & Gilliland, S. (2007). The
management of Organizational Justice. Academy
of Management Perspectives, 21, 34-48.
Davidov, E. (2008). A Cross-Country and Cross-Time
Comparison of the Human Values Measurements
with the Second Round of the European Social
Survey. Survey Research Methods, 2, 33-46.
Drasgow, F., & Kanfer, R. (1985). Equivalence of psychological
measurement in heterogeneous populations.
Journal of Applied Psychology, 70, 662-680.
Dubinsky, A., Michaels, R., Kotabe, M., Lim. C., &
Moon. H. (1992). Influence of role stress on industrial
salespeople's work outcomes in the United
States, Japan, and Korea. Journal of International
Business Studies, 23, 77-99.
Fields, D. (2002). Taking the measure of work. California:
Sage Publications.
Fischer, R., Smith, P., Richey, B., Ferreira, M., Assmar,
E., Maes, J., & Stumpf, S. (2007). How do organizations
allocate rewords? The predictive validity
of national values, economic and organizational
factors across six nations. Journal of Cross-Cultural
Psychology, 38, 3-18.
Geisinger, K. F. (1994). Cross-cultural normative
assessment: Translation and adaptation issues
influencing the normative interpretation of assessment
instruments. Psychological Assessment, 6(4),
304-312.
Giacobbe-Miller, J., Miller, D., Zhang, W., & Victorov,
V. (2003). Country and organizational-level adaptation
to foreign workplace ideologies: a comparative
study of distributive justice values in China,
Russia and the United States. Journal of International
Business Studies, 34, 389-406.
Greenberg, J. (1995). The quest for justice on the job:
Essays and experiments. Thousand Oaks, CA:
Sage.
Greenberg, J. (2001). Studying organizational justice
cross-culturally: fundamental challenges. The
International Journal of Conflict Management, 12,
365-375.
Grisay, A. (2002). Translation and cultural appropriateness
of the test and survey material. In R. Adams,
& M. Wu (Eds.), PISA 2000 technical report (pp.
57-70). Paris: OECD.
Harkness, J. (2003). Questionnaire translation. In J.
Harkness, E. J. Van de Vijver, & P. Mohler (Eds.),
Cross-cultural survey methods (pp. 35-56). NY:
Wiley.
Hofstede, G. (1980). Culture’s consequences. Thousand
Oaks, CA: Sage.
Hofstede, G., & Hofstede, G. J. (2005). Culture and
organizations: Software of the mind. New York:
McGraw-Hill.
Hui, H., & Triandis, H. (1985). Measurement in crosscultural
psychology. Journal of Cross-cultural
psychology, 16, 131-152.
Jöreskog, K. G., & Sörbom, D. (1979). Advances in factor
analysis and structural equation models. New
York: University Press of America.
Kim, T., & Leung, K. (2007). Forming and reacting to
overall fairness: a cross-cultural comparison.
Organizational Behavior and Human Decision
Processes, 104, 83-95.
Lam, S., Schaubroeck, J., & Aryee, S. (2002). Relationship
between Organizational Justice and Employee
Work Outcomes: A Cross-National Study. Journal
of Organizational Behavior, 23, 1-18.
Leung, K. (2005). How Generalizable Are Justice
Effects Across Cultures? In J. Greenberg, & J.
Colquitt (Eds.), Handbook of Organizational Justice
(pp. 555-586). NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Leung, K., Smith, P., Wang, Z., & Sun, H. (1996). Job
Satisfaction in Joint Venture Hotels in China: An
Organizational Justice Analysis. Journal of International
Business Studies, 27, 947-962.
Leventhal, G. S. (1980). What should be done with
equity theory? New approaches to the study of
fairness in social relationships. In K. Gergen, M.
Greenberg, & R. Willis (Eds.), Social exchange:
Advances in theory and research (pp. 27–55). New
York: Plenum Press.
Maitland, S., Dixon, R., Hultsch, D., & Hertog, C.
(2001). Well-being as a moving target: measurement
equivalence of the Bradburn Affect Balance
scale. Journal of Gerontology, 56B, 69-77.
Malpass, R. S. (1977). Theory and method in cross-cultural
psychology. American Psychologist, 32,
1069–1079.
Meade, A., Johnson, E., & Braddy, P. (2006). The utility
of alternative fit indices in tests of measurement
invariance. Paper presented at the annual Academy
of Management conference, Atlanta, GA.
Meade, A., Johnson, E., & Braddy, P. (2008). Power and
sensitivity of alternative fit indices in test of measure
invariance. Journal of Applied Psychology,
93, 568-592.
Organizational Justice Model across Seven Countries
34
Volumul_09_nr_02.qxd 10/19/2011 12:43 PM Page 34
Meredith, W. (1993). Measurement invariance, factor
analysis and factorial invariance. Psychometrika,
58(4), 525-543.
Moorman, R. (1991). Relationship Between Organizational
Justice and organizational Citizenship
Behavior: Do Fairness Perceptions Influence
Employee Citizenship? Journal of Applied Psychology,
76, 845-855.
Pillai, R.; Willims, E., & Tan, J. (2001). Are the scales
tipped in favor of procedural or distributive justice?
An investigation of the U.S., India, Germany,
and Hong Kong (China). The International Journal
of Conflict Management, 12, 312-332.
Price, J.L., & Mueller, C.W. (1986). Absenteeism and
turnover of hospital employees. Greenwich: CT,
JAI Press.
Rahim, A., Magner, N., Antonioni, D., & Rahmna, S.
(2001). Do justice relationships with organizationdirected
reactions differ across U.S. and
Bangladesh employees? The International Journal
of Conflict Management, 12, 333-349.
Raju, N., Laffitte, L., & Byrne, B. (2002). Measurement
Equivalence: a comparison of method based on
confirmatory factor analysis and item response
theory. Journal of Applied Psychology, 87, 517-
529.
Reithel, S., Baltes, B., & Buddhavarapu, S. (2007). Cultural
Differences in Distributive and Procedural
Justice. Does a Two-factor Model Fit for Hong
Kong Employees?, International Journal of Cross
Cultural Management, 7, 61-76.
Rigotti, T., Otto, K., & Mohr, G. (2007). East–West Differences
in Employment Relations, Organizational
Justice and Trust: Possible Reasons and Consequences.
Economic and Industrial Democracy, 28,
212–238.
Schertzer, S., Laufer, D., Silvera, D., & McBride, B.
(2008). A cross-cultural validation of a gender role
identity scale in marketing, International Marketing
Review, 25, 312-323.
Schmidt, S., Muhlar, H., & Power, M. (2005). The
EUROHIS-QOL 8-item index: psychometric
results of a cross-cultural field study. European
Journal of Public Health, 16, 420-408.
Selig, J., Card, N., & Little, T. (2008). Latent variable
structural equation modeling in cross-cultural
research: multigroup and multilevel approaches.
In van de Vijver, Hemert and Poortiga (Eds.) Multilevel
analysis of individuals and cultures (pp.95-
120). NY: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Silverthorne, C. (2005). Organizational Psychology in
Cross-Cultural Perspective. NY: New York University
Press.
Skarlicki, D. (2001). Cross-cultural perspectives of
organizational justice. The International Journal
of Conflict Management, 12, 292-294.
Smith, P., & Fischer, R. (2008). Acquiescence, Extreme
Response Bias and Culture: A multilevel Analysis.
In Van de Vijver, F., van Hemert, D., & Poortinga,
Y.(Eds.), Multilevel Analysis of Individual and
Cultures (pp.285-314). NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum
Associates.
Steiger, J. H. (1990). Structural model evaluation and
modification: An interval estimation approach.
Multivariate Behavioral Research, 25, 193-180.
Steenkamp, J.-B. E. M., & Baumgartner, H. (1998).
Assessing measurement invariance in crossnational
consumer research. Journal of Consumer
Research, 25, 78-90.
Strizhakova, Y., Coulter, R., & Price, L. (2008). The meanings of branded products: A cross-national scale development and meaning assessment. International Journal of Research in Marketing, 25, 82–93.
Sweeney, P., & McFarlin, D. (1993). Workers’ Evaluations of the „Ends” and the „Means”: An Examination of Four Models of Distributive and Procedural Justice. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Process, 55, 23-40.
Tzafrir, S., & More, K. (2006). Trust as a mediator between organizational justice and work behaviors in a cross-cultural context, Academy of Management Best Conference Paper, IM:E1.
Ullman, J. (2006). Structural Equation Modeling: Reviewing the basic and moving forward. Journal of Personaloty Assesment, 87, 35-50.
Van de Vijver, F. J. R., & Leung, K. (1997). Methods and data analysis for cross cultural research. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
Van de Vijver (2000). The nature of bias. In R. Dana (Ed.), Handbook of cross-cultural and multicultural personality assessment (pp. 87-106). NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Vandenberg, R., & Lance, C. (2000). A review and synthesis of the measurement invariance literature: suggestions, practices, and recommendations for organizational research, Organizational Research Methods, 3, 4-70.
Werner, O., & Campbell, D. T. (1970). Translation, wording through interpreters, and the problem of decentering. In R. Naroll & R. Cohen (Eds.), A handbook of method in cultural anthropology (pp. 398–420). New York: Natural History Press.
Woehr, D., Sheehan, K., & Bennett, W. (2005). Assessing measurement equivalence across rating sources: a multitrait-multirater approach, Journal of Applied Psychology, 90. 3, 592-600.
Woehr, D., Arciniega, L., & Lim, D. (2007). Examining work ethics across populations. A comparison of the multidimensional work ethic profile across three divers cultures. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 67, 154-168.
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Published
2020-01-24
How to Cite
Cozma, I. (2020). Organizational Justice Model across Seven Countries. Psihologia Resurselor Umane, 9(2), 18–35. https://doi.org/10.24837/pru.v9i2.373
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