Too employable to feel well? Curvilinear relationship between perceived employability and employee optimal functioning
Keywords:
Curvilinear relationships, employee optimal functioning, perceived employability, work engagement, burnoutAbstract
Perceived employability has been advanced as critical to employee optimal functioning in today's turbulent labor market. However, evidence for a positive relationship between perceived employability and employee optimal functioning is modest. One possible explanation is that the relationship is not linear but curvilinear. Accordingly, we tested curvilinear relationships between perceived employability and work engagement (vigor and dedication) and burnout (exhaustion and depersonalization). Relationships were tested by means of hierarchical linear regressions in a sample of 459 employees. We found no curvilinear, but a linear and positive relationship between perceived employability and vigor and dedication. A quadratic (curvilinear) relationship was found between perceived employability and exhaustion and depersonalization, so that low and high levels of perceived employability were related to high levels of exhaustion and depersonalization.
Downloads
References
Aronsson, G., & Göransson, S. (1999). Permanent employment but not in a preferred occupation: psychological and medical aspects, research implications. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 4(2), 152–163.
Bakker, A.B., Demerouti, E., & Schaufeli, W.B. (2005). Crossover of burnout and work engagement among working couples. Human Relations, 58(5), 661–689.
Becker, T.E. (2005). Potential problems in the statistical control of variables in organizational research: A qualitative analysis with recommendations. Organizational Research Methods, 8(3), 274–289.
Berntson, E. (2008). Employability perceptions: Nature, determinants, and implications for health and wellbeing. Doctoral Thesis, University of Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden.
Berntson, E., & Marklund, S. (2007). The relationship between perceived employability and subsequent health. Work & Stress, 21(3), 279–292.
Berntson, E., Näswall, K., & Sverke, M. (2010). The moderating role of employability in the association between job insecurity and exit, voice, loyalty and neglect. Economic and Industrial Democracy, 31(2), 215–230.
Carver, C.S., & Scheier, M.F. (1982). Control theory: A useful conceptual framework for personality–social, clinical, and health psychology. Psychological Bulletin, 92(1), 111–135.
Cohen, J., Cohen, P., West, S.G., & Aiken, L.S. (2003). Applied multiple regression/correlation analysis for the behavioural sciences. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
Cortina, J.M. (1993). Interaction, nonlinearity, and multicollinearity: Implications for multiple regression. Journal of Management, 19(4), 915–922.
Deci, E.L., & Ryan, R.M. (2008). Facilitating optimal motivation and psychological well-being across life’s domains. Canadian Psychology, 49(1), 14–23.
De Cuyper, N., Bernhard-Oettel, C., Berntson, E., De Witte, H., & Alarco, B. (2008). Employability and employees’ well-being: Mediation by job insecurity. Journal of Applied Psychology: An International Review, 57(3), 488–509.
De Cuyper, N., & De Witte, H. (2008). Gepercipieerde kans op een baan versus een betere baan: Relaties met arbeidstevredenheid en welzijn. Gedrag & Organisatie, 21(4), 475–492.
De Cuyper, N., Mäkikangas, A., Kinnunen, U., Mauno S., & De Witte, H. (2012a). Cross-lagged associations between perceived external employability, job insecurity, and exhaustion: Testing gain and loss spirals according to the Conservation of Resources Theory. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 33(6), 770–788.
De Cuyper, N., Raeder, S., Van der Heijden, B.I.J.M., & Wittekind, A. (2012b). The association between workers' employability and burnout in a reorganization context: Longitudinal evidence building upon the conservation of resources theory. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 17(2), 162–174.
Demerouti, E., Bakker, A.B., De Jonge, J., Janssen, P.P.M., & Schaufeli, W.B. (2001). Burnout and engagement at work as a function of demands and control. Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment & Health, 27, 279-286.
Dries, N., & Pepermans, R. (2008). “Real” high-potential careers An empirical study into the perspectives of organisations and high potentials. Personnel Review, 37(1), 85–108.
Feild, H.S., & Harris, S.G. (1991). Participants' frustrations in fast-track development programmes. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 12(4), 3–8.
Forrier, A. & Sels, L. (2003). The concept employability: A complex mosaic. International Journal of Human Resources Development and Management, 3(2), 102–124.
French, J.R.P., Caplan, R.D., & Harrison, R.V. (1982). The mechanisms of job stress and strain. London: Wiley.
Ganzach, Y. (1997). Misleading interaction and curvilinear terms. Psychological Methods, 2(3), 235–247.
Hardman, D., & Macchi, L. (2003). Thinking:Psychological Perspectives on Reasoning, Judgment and Decision Making. New York: Wiley.
Kinnunen, U., Mäkikangas, A., Mauno, S., Siponen, K., & Nätti, J. (2011). Perceived employability Investigating outcomes among involuntary and voluntary temporary employees compared to permanent employees. Career Development International, 16(2), 140–160.
Lazarus, R.S., & Folkman, S. (1984). Stress, appraisal and coping. New York: Springer Publishing Company.
Parker, P.A., & Kulik, J.A. (1995). Burnout, self- and supervisor-rated job performance, and absenteeism among nurses. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 18(6), 581–599.
Payne, J.W. (1976). Task complexity and contingent processing in decision making: An information search and protocol analysis. Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, 16, 366–387.
Podsakoff, P.M., MacKenzie, S.B., Lee, J.Y. & Podsakoff, N.P. (2003). Common method biases in behavioral research: A critical review of the literature and recommended remedies. Journal of Applied Psychology, 88, 879–903.
Riumallo-Herl, C., Basu, S., Stuckler, D., Courtin, E. & Avendano, M. (2014). Job loss, wealth and depression during the Great Recession in the USA and Europe. International Journal of Epidemiology, 43(5), 1508–1517.
Schaufeli, W.B., & Bakker A.B. (2004). Job demands, job resources, and their relationship with burn-out and engagement: a multi-sample study. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 25, 293–315.
Schaufeli, W.B., Bakker, A.B., & Salanova, M. (2006). The measurement of work engagement with a short questionnaire: A cross-national study. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 66(4), 701–716.
Schaufeli, W.B., Salanova, M., Gonzalez-Roma, V., & Bakker, A.B. (2002). The measurement of engagement and burnout: a two sample confirmatory factor analytic approach. Journal of Happiness Studies, 3, 71–92.
Schaufeli, W.B., & Van Dierendonck, D. (2000). Maslach burnout inventory: Nederlandse versie [Maslach Burnout Inventory: Dutch version]. Lisse [The Netherlands]: Swets Zeitlinger.
Schwenk, C.R. (1984). Cognitive simplification processes in strategic decision making. Strategic Management Journal, 5(2), 111–128.
Trevor, C.O. (2001). Interactions among actual ease of movement determinants and job satisfaction in the prediction of voluntary turnover. Academy of Management Journal, 44(4), 621–638.
Van den Broeck, A., Vansteenkiste, M., & De Witte, H. (2008). Self-Determination Theory: A Theoretical and Empirical overview in Occupational Health Psychology. In J. Houdmont and S. Leka (Eds) Occupational Health Psychology: European Perspectives on Research, Education & Practice Vol.3. (pp. 63–88). Nottingham: Nottingham University Press.
Van der Heijden, B.I.J.M., de Lange, A.H., Demerouti, E., & Van der Heijde, C.M. (2009). Age effects on the employability–career success relationship. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 74, 156–164.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2016 Psihologia Resurselor Umane
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal,it also allows for use of the work for non-commercial purposes and if others remix, transform or build upon the works found in this journal they must distribute the contributions under the same licence as the original.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See: The Effect of Open Access).
